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Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder may cause a sudden urge to urinate, frequent urination and waking at night to pass urine. Urgency may also be accompanied by leakage.

Anatomical illustration of the bladder, urethra and pelvic floor muscles
Image: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health

What is assessed before diagnosis?

The duration and frequency of symptoms, fluid intake, medicines and other health conditions are reviewed. Conditions with similar symptoms, such as a urinary tract infection, are investigated. A bladder diary may help when recommended by your doctor.

Treatment options

A treatment plan may include lifestyle changes, bladder training and pelvic floor exercises. Medication may be considered when needed. For suitable patients who do not respond sufficiently, options such as botulinum toxin injections or sacral neuromodulation may be discussed.

Why is follow-up important?

The effects of treatment and possible side effects are reviewed at follow-up appointments. Results differ from person to person; any changes to treatment should be discussed with your doctor.

This content is for general information. Diagnosis and treatment require an individual medical assessment.

Content based on Prof. Dr. Mesut Gürdal’s existing website. Further patient information is available from the European Association of Urology.

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